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The area was first settled by European-Americans around 1800. In 1787, James Caldwell received 20,000 acres of land, which was settled by the Davis brothers in 1808. The completion of the Northwestern Turnpike in 1838 helped the town of West Union grow. The Northwestern Virginia Railroad, finished in the 1850s, brought more business to the area, and lumber became an important industry, especially for the railroad.